a.๊ฑด์ถ•์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์งˆ์„œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์ง•ํ‘œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค1
b.๋ชจ๋“  ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์—ฌ์šด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค, ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“ค, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ง๋ น์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค, ๋ฐฉํ™ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค. ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์— ์ž‘๋ณ„์„ ๊ณ ํ•œ, ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœํƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ์ž‰๋œ ์ž‰์—ฌ ์†์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค
c.์˜์›ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋กœ๋งˆ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์€ ํผํŽ˜์ด์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ฃผํƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ ๋…„ ํ›„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๋•Œ, ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค...์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ: ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด์•ผ? ์ด์ชฝ? ์ €์ชฝ? (๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์  ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ฉฐ)2
d.๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฆ‰๋ฌผ์  ์ฐจ์›์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ํƒ‘์˜ ๋ฏธํ•™์  ์ƒ์ง•์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค_๋ฏธํ— ๋ฐ ํด๋ ˆ๋ฅดํฌMichel de Klerk3

e.๋ฌธํ•™์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌํ˜„๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ฉ”์‹œ์Šค(Mimesis)๋„, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ธ ๋งˆํ…Œ์‹œ์Šค(Mathesis)๋„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจํ—˜์ธ ์„ธ๋ฏธ์˜ค์‹œ์Šค(Semiosis), ์ฆ‰ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค....์†Œ์‰ฌ๋ฅด๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ(oeuvre)์€ ๋‹จ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ™˜์›๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์‹œ๋‹ˆํ”ผ์•™๋“ค์˜ ์งœ์ž„์ด ๊ณง ํ…์ŠคํŠธ(texte)์ด๋‹ค. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜น์€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์šด๋™์€ ํšก๋‹จ(traversee)์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์–ธ์ˆ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค(ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ์ฝํ˜€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„๋‹คโ€ฆํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด(doxa)์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋’คํŽธ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์ ์ธ(paradoxal), ์ฆ‰ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค4

f.๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์žฌํ˜„mimesis์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์žŠ์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘์ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์•ผ ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค

g.๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„ํ—ค์ด๋น„์–ด(behavior)์— ๋ชป์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์›์น™์ด์ง€, ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด5

h.์ด๊ณณ์ €๊ณณ, ์ด์ชฝ์ €์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค-์ง€์‹์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด Respose๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ Responsability, ๊ณง ์ง€์‹์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์งŠ์–ด์งˆ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค

i.๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํ•ด์„๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  โ€œ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…โ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค...์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ˆ๋‹จ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์™ธ๊ณฝ์„ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ธ๋‹ค6

j.์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฟˆ ์†์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค...๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค7

k.์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š•๋ง์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž…์ด ์„ฑ๋Œ€์™€ ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€˜๋งํ•˜๋Š”-๊ธฐ๊ณ„โ€™๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ์‹๋„์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€˜๋จน๋Š”-๊ธฐ๊ณ„โ€™๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€˜์„น์Šค-๊ธฐ๊ณ„โ€™๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ โ€˜์–ด๋–คโ€™ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ โ€˜๊ทธ๋ƒฅโ€™ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž„์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‹ค8

l.์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋ฉด ์น˜์šฐ์นจ์ด ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ํœ˜๋‘˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค 9

m.๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํ’์Šต์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ํ•œ๋ณตํŒ์— ์ง€์˜ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ˆ™๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜์›ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ, ๋ฌด์‚ฐ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ถ”๋ฝ, ๊ธฐ์•„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํƒ€๋ฝ, ์•”ํ‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์œ„์ถ•, ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์งˆ์‹์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„“์€ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ง€์ƒ์— ๋ฌด์ง€์™€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ, ์ด ์ฑ… ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค๋„ ๋ฌด์ตํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ. 1862๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ ์˜คํŠธ๋นŒ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ10

n.๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ™”๋ฅผ ์™ธํ”ผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธ‹๊ณ , ์น ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„ ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ถˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์ธ ๊พธ๋•์ž„์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ง‘์ฐฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ(Dummy)์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ '๊ท€๋ถˆ(Dummy Budda)'์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค11

o.์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•จ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•…ํ•œ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋น›๊ณผ ์–ด๋‘ ์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋†“๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋Œ์˜ ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒ์ง•์„ฑ์€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค...๋”๊ตฐ๋‹ค๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋Œ์€ ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค์—๋„ ๋Œ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐฐ์—ญ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋Œ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฐ€?...๋น„๋ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜. ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ฎ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค...์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณธ๋ น์€ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ“์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์„ ์„ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ์ง€์šฐ๊ฐœ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค12

p. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„“ํ˜€๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์„ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์ง€๊ฐ, ์–ธ์–ด์  ์†Œํ†ต, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋– ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...์ž…์ฒดํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌํ˜„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํˆฌ์‹œ๋„๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฌธ์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด...์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์‹œ๋„๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋•๋ชฉ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋งค๋งค๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค13-1

q.์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ž ์‹œ โ€˜์ˆญ๊ณ  the sublimeโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์นธํŠธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž. ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๋‹น๋Œ€์  ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นธํŠธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ˆญ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๋ชฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ๊ฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์— ๋†“์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ โ€˜ํ˜•์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”โ€™์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ• ๋งŒํผ ์••๋„์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆญ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...๊ทธ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์™ธํ˜•์ด ๋ฏธ์Šค ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ์–ด ๋กœ์—์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํด ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์งํ•œ IBM์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์ฒ  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์— ๋ชธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์• ๋‚˜๋ฉœ์„ ์ž…ํžŒ ๊ธˆ์† ํŒจ๋„๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปคํŠผ์›” ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์™ธํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ IBM ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ฒœ๋ฃจ์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค...๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๊น์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜์ž, ํƒ์ž, ์นจ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข€ ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ๊ณณ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒํ™œํ•ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค13-2

r. 1.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 2.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค 3.๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๋‹ค 4.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 5. ์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 6.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ ์ œ์ž‘์— ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ๋จธ ๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 7.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค 8.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 9.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 10.์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์™ธ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ โ€˜์ˆœ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅโ€™์— ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๋‚ดํŒŒํ•œ๋‹ค...์ง„๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€์‹ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ณ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค13-2

s.๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ผ“๋“ค์ด^์กฐ์ค€๋˜๊ณ ^๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ๋‹ค^๋ณ„๋“ค์—^๋…์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์งˆ
  DET ER PA TID, Rakettar stikk^snutane upp^og medar pa manen og Mars^Det er pa tid^det er pa tid^a sa si gift millom stjernone14

t.๋‚˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ณผํ•™์   ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ํ˜„์žฅ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜ ์ •๋„์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„ํด๋กœ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•ซ์…€๋ธ”๋ผ๋“œ์— 70๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ํ•„๋ฆ„์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์Ÿ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ๊ป ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘ ๊ด‘์„  ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์˜จ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 1968๋…„ ์•„ํด๋กœ 8ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ถœ(earthrise), ์ฆ‰ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„  ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ช‡ ๋งŒ ๋…„์„ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์—†์ด ์ผ์ถœ์ด๋‚˜ ์›”์ถœ๋งŒ ๋ณด์•„์˜ค๋˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด์ค€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ง๋ง‰์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด๋‹ค15

u.๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋œ 7์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ผ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ทน์˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ง ๋ชปํ•  ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†๋Š” ๋“ฏ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ์—†์ด, ํ‘œ์ •๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ‘œ์ •๋„ ์—†์ด, ์šธ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ์šธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›ƒ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ธ์› ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ๊ธด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ผ์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•œ 7์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ผ์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜จํ†ต ํ•˜์–€ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ธ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒŒํŒ์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†์ด, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ•˜์–—๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์นผ๋กœ ๋ฒ ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ‰์€ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ ์œ„์— ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์Šน์ž๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ํŒจ์ž๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์นผ๋กœ ๋ฒ ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Š‰๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ, ํ์ง€๋ถ€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์‹ธ์›€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค16

v.ENVIRONMANTAL QUESTIONS to technical experts, but approached the assignment with a particular position. in his opinion, the energy efficiency of the design should not depend on construction and building technology, but should be understood as an ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEM, an integral part of the design...this is where the architect can become inventive in his design. if he does not want to rely on the engineer alone, he has to take the intellectual initiative himself, so that the idea behind his designs becomes visible. from the perspective of the autonomy of architecture, energy-consicious architecture is important in that it includes the possibility of new architectural concepts. specifically, it is about developing so-called โ€œpassive systems,โ€ which include above all the question of orientation, the creation of different climatic zones in the form of buffer zones, the minimization of the outer wall surface, the use of different materials such as greenery, glass, stone and earth, and the question of the specific organization and form of the floor plans and the creative implementation of these elements in a CLIMATICALLY ADAPTIVE ARCHITECTURE17

w.์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์งง์€ ๋น„๋ช…. ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐฐ๋‚˜์— ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์•‰์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘์„ธ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊นœ๋นก์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ต์‹ค ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฅ์–ด๋œฏ์€๋“ฏ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ—ํด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋„ˆ์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘, ์ผ๋™ ๊ฒฝ๋ก€! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ผ์ œํžˆ ์ฑ…์„ ํŽธ๋‹ค.

Modern Times. ๋ชจ๋˜ ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ

์ถœ์„๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 13๋ฒˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํฐ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”! ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™์— ์†๋ฐ•๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜๊ด‘์„, ๊ทธ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ…์ƒ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์€, ๋”์ด์ƒ, ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ํŒ”์˜ ๋ณ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋•€์˜ ์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•จ์„ 17ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ‘๋ฐฑ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค

x.๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ž์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋‚˜์— ์–ฝํžŒ ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์•ˆ์— ์–ฝํžˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‚ดํฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์•ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์•ˆ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ๋‹ค...GPT-3๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์“ฐ์ธ 45TB ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ธ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ง‘์•ฝ๋œ โ€˜์ธํ„ฐ๋„ทโ€™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…-์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์†์—์„œ GPT-3๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ โ€œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ„์ „โ€์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค...๋ฒˆ์—ญ์  ์ž„๋ฒ ๋”ฉ...๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์ด์ง€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™•์žฅ์€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์žฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด์ž, ๋ชจ์ˆœ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ํƒ€ํ˜‘๋  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค...๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ณง ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋‹ค...์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๊ณ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์ž๋กœ์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™” ํ˜•์‹๋“ค์„ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ์—ญ์‹œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™” ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค18

y.10๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๋งŒ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„๊ณก ํƒ‘๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์–ด์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๋…ผ๋“ค์ด ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ข์€ ๋นˆ ๋•…์— ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด์™”๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๊ต์œ ์ ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํžํŠธ๋งŒ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šด์ฃผ์‚ฌํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ ค์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ์„ฑ์ง€์ด๋ฉด์„œ, ์„ํƒ‘๊ณผ ์„๋ถˆ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ์•ผ์™ธ์กฐ๊ฐ์žฅ์ด๊ณ , ๋จน๊ณ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋†ํ† ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...๊ณ„๊ณก ์„œ์ชฝ์— 1m 20cm ๋†’์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฅต ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•…์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. <๋ถ„ํฌ๋„>์—์„œ 10๋ฒˆ. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฅต ๋‘์ƒ์€ ํŒŒ์†๋˜์–ด, ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์œ„์— ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋งˆ ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด์—๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ์น์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋ˆˆ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ”ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ ์ด ์ข์€ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์ง€ ํƒฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ž…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฝƒ์žŽ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฐ ๊ฝƒ์žŽ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ท€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ข์€ ์„ ์„ ๋‘๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์›ํ˜•์˜ '์•ˆ์—ฝ' ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฅต๋ถˆ์ด ๋•… ์†์— ํ•จ๋ชฐ๋œ ์ฑ„ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋•…์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“๊ณ  ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ์€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์˜์„ฑ(ไธ€็พฉๆ€ง)์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ค‘ ์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ ค ๋“œ๋Š” ์„œ๊ตฌ์‹ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...์ด์ œ์„œ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ถˆ๋™์„ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์˜ ํ‹€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์˜ ํ‹€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ง ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด์˜ ์‚ถ๋งŒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋จ์ด ์—†์ด ์ด์ชฝ์ €์ชฝ์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ด๋ผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ์ด์„ฑ(็†ๆ€ง)๊ณผ ํƒ€์‚ฐ์  ์˜ค์„ฑ(ๆ‚Ÿๆ€ง )์ด ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์œก์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์˜ ํ‹€์€ ์˜จ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ์š”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด์ชฝ ํ˜น์€ ์ €์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์˜ ํ‹€์€ ์šด๋™์˜ ์†Œ์ง„์„ (ๆถˆ็›ก็ทš)์ด์š” ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋‹ค...์ฒœ๋ถˆ๋™ ์šด์ฃผ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ, ๋ณด์ฆ๋œ ์ง€์‹ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ „์„ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ง์„ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๊ธฐํ‘œ๋“ค๋กœ ์šฉํ•ด์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ž„์˜์ ์ธ ์œ ํฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฅต์˜ ์žฅ์‹๋“ค์€, ๋ชจ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‚ด๋งก๊ธฐ๊ณ , ํ’€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋“ฏ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•จ ์†์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋žตํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ด, ์ด ๋Œ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ๋ฐœ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์‹์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘๋„ ๋๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค19

z.ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ, ํฌ๋ฃธ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์ง‘์˜ ์•„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์›€์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฉ”์ธ ํ™€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...๊ทธ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ขŒ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ญ‰ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…๋กœ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋“ค์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
-์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ทŒ I.๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ธฐ๋…๋น„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด‘์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ II.๊ด‘์žฅ ์ค‘์•™ ๋น„์šฐ๊ธฐ III.๋‹ซํžŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ด‘์žฅ IV.๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ V.์˜› ๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ VI. ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ด‘์žฅ VII. ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ด‘์žฅ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ VIII.ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋ฏธ๊ฑด์กฐํ•จ IX.ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ X.ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ XI.ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ XII.์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์ •๋น„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€20

a.๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค^์†Œ๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์–€ ์นดํŽ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊น”๋ฆฌ๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๊ฑด๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์–ด์ฝ” ํ•˜๋Š˜์€ ์ฃผ์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค^๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค^์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋„๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋„๋‹ค

b.๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด-์ˆ˜๋…„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋์—, ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™˜์ฒญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ค„์ธ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์•ฝ, '์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด (Ablify)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ดโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€, โ€˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅโ€™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์–ด๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ(albility)โ€™์— ๋™์‚ฌํ˜•์˜ ์–ด๋ฏธ(fy)๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค(Ablify)โ€™๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์ •์‹ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์œ„์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋Š” โ€˜3์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ์ œโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค
์•ฝ๋ฌผํ™”๋œ ๋‚˜, ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ™”๋ ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚˜:๋งค๋“œํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ-์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(receptor)์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ '๋น„์ •์‹ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„'์—์„œ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜โ€™๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์•ฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์‹ ์•ฝ์ด ์ „์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” '๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜โ€™์˜ '์›๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚˜'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ์›”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งค๋“œํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์šด๋™์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋“œํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋‚ด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค
์ •์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž์—์„œ โ€˜ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธโ€™๋กœ: ์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋Š” โ€˜๋ฌด์—‡์„โ€™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€-์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ โ€˜๋ฐ”๊นฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„โ€™์™€ โ€˜๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผโ€™์ด ์—ฐ์†์„ ์ƒ์— ๋†“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ชธ-์•ฝ๋ฌผ-๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊นŒ? ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ ์† ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ โ€˜ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธ(chemical cyborg)โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์‹ ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ•™ ์œค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹คโ€ฆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ โ€˜ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธโ€™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์  ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ•™ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š”(Abilify)์ž์œ  ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์ผ€๋ฏธ์ปฌ๋กœ, ์ •์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜๋™์  ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ์ •์‹ ์˜ํ•™์˜ ์ถ•์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค21

c.์กธ์—…์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒํ˜ธํ…”์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ฐœ์งˆ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กธ์—…์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์˜จ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ์ฑ„ ๋๋‚˜๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํฉ๋ฟŒ๋ ค๋‘์—ˆ๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋”๋“ฌ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ‹ˆํ‹ˆํžˆ ๋ฐŸ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ €๋Š” ๋น„๋กœ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€the pleasure of texts์„ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์„œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋Š” โ€™ํ…์ŠคํŠธโ€˜๋“ค์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๊ฐœ๋…โ€™ ์†์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ํ—ค์—„์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์• ์จ ๋ฐ•์•„๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋ ˆ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์˜์  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์˜์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๋ง๋Œ€๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์Œ“์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฑด ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ๋‚จ์ง“์˜ ์ผํšŒ์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋งŒํผ์€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

d.์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ •ํฌspace-junk๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ •ํฌ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šคjunk-space๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ๋‹ค. If space-junk is the human debris that litters the universe, Junk-Space is the residue mankind leaves on the planet. ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„คํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •ํฌ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋‹ค. ์ •ํฌ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์— ์‘๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๋‚™์ง„์ด๋‹ค...์ •ํฌ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ •์  ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ•๊ดด์ ์ด๋‹ค...๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ผ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ข…์‹์‹œํ‚ด๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•˜๊ธ‰ ์—ฐ์˜ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๊ทน็ฌ‘ๅŠ‡์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ™œํ–ˆ๋‹ค...์ •ํฌ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค 22

d-1.As you may know, in various theories โ€œspace junkโ€is the debris that is created by different satellite and planetary ventures. In a way, all the world relies on has the same junk status-Junk space. It is not a negative term, but just the kind of term that defines the expectations and the properties that architecture can have today-Rem Koolhass and Hans Ulrich Obrist(2006)

e.๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€œ์•ˆinโ€์— ์žˆ๊ณ ์ž ๊ณจ๋ชฐํ•˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์ ์ธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋น„ํŒ์˜ ์ € ๋ชจ๋“  (์ ‘๋‘์–ด๋“ค), โ€œํฌ์ŠคํŠธpostโ€  โ€œ์‹ neoโ€  โ€œ์ „์œ„avantโ€  โ€œํŠธ๋žœ์Šคtransโ€ ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธ‹์ง€๊ธ‹ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋ฐ–outโ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ [์˜†์œผ๋กœ] โ€œ๋น—๊ฒจ ๋‚˜offโ€์žˆ๊ธฐ. โ€œ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋’คํŽธoff stageโ€์—, โ€œ์Œ์ •์ด ์•ˆ๋งž๊ฒŒoff keyโ€ โ€œ์—‡๋ฐ•์ž๋กœoff beat,โ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋”์€ โ€œ์ €์†ํ•œoff-colorโ€ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ...๋ชจํ—˜์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋’ค์ง‘ํžŒ ๋ฏธ๋ฉ”์‹œ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ”, ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค...๋ชจํ—˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฐฉ, ์ž„๊ณ„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ, ๋ฌธ, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆญ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค 23

f.๋งŒ์ผ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ์‹๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?-๋ ˆ์˜จ ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์Šค ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ...๊ฑด์ถ•์€ โ€˜์œ ๋‹ˆ์ฟฐ(unicum)โ€™, ์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์  ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ œ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„์™€ ํ”์ ์ด ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ์ƒ์„ฑ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์šด๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” -๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋“  ํ˜น์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ด๋“ - ์„œ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌผ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค...๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ๋„์‹œ์  โ€˜์œ ๋‹ˆ์ฟฐโ€™์„ ๊ฐˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜๋ฐ”ํƒ• ์—†๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ(figures without ground)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋žœ๋“œ๋งˆํฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋“ค์˜ ์นด๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด์ถ•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜ํ˜•์ƒ๋“ค ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ”ํƒ•(ground without figures)โ€™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธธ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋˜๊ฐ€24

g.When you want to work on a new architectural idea, the first thing you need to formulate is a new idea of drawing architecture. I do believe that the political sometimes lies in these seemingly marginal aspects of the profession, in how you construct a drawing, how you craft the meaning of your drawing25

h.<๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ ๋‚ผ ํž˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ ค ๊นŠ์€ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์žฅ๋ ค์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์˜์š•๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋น„๊ทน์  ์ข…๋ง์˜ ์”จ์•—์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์  ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€? ์‚ฌ๋ช…๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ง‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ต์—์„œ, ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ๋น„ํ‹€๊ณ  ์ง‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ฆ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช… ํ—›๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€? ์ˆ™๋ช…์ ์ธ, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ทธ ๊นŠ์ด์—์˜ ๊ฐ•์š”๋ฅผ?>26

i.์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋Š” ์ค„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ดˆ์† 2์ฒœ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ธํ„ด ์„ ์žฅ์€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ผ๋งˆ์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋จธ๋‚˜๋จผ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...์—ฌ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ๋„์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋น„์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ, ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค..๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋‚˜๊ธด ๋ฐฉ๋ž‘์˜ ์ข…์ฐฉ์ ์ด ์–ด๋””์ผ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ผ๋งˆ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ ค๋ž€ ์„ฑ์šด์ด ์•„๋ จํžˆ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตฌ์„์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค27

i-1.๋‚ฎ๊ณผ ๋ฐค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ํ‘๋ฐฑ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ์›์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๊ป ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ์ด๋ž€ ์‹ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์˜ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃฉ๋œ ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค...์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์† ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž๋ญ‡ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์‹ค์กด์ฒ ํ•™ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ˆ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์™ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์  ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฝค ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์š•๋ง์ด ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋œ ๋ฐ˜์˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?27

j.ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜์‹์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋œจ๊ฒ๋ƒ, ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹น์œ„๋งŒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์ด ๋ฏธํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ํƒœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค_์ฒœ๋ช…๊ด€ / ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ๋ฐฅ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด ๊ฐ™์„ ๋•Œ์— ์‹ธ์›€์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค_๋ฐ•๋ฏผ๊ทœ /  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์˜จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฟˆ๊พผ๋‹ค_์€ํฌ๊ฒฝ / ์†Œ์„ค์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜คํ•ด๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์—†์–ด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ์„ค๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์„ค ์†์— ์—†์–ด๋„ ์ข‹๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—†๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•  ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ _์ •์˜๋ฌธ28

k.ํ”„๋žจํ„ด์ด ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—์–ด์ปจ๋””์…”๋‹์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ ์ƒ์‹ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฒ”์ด๋‹ค...๋ง‰ํž˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋„๋”ฐ๋ž€ ๋Œ€์ง€์—์„œ๋“  ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ถ€์ง€์—์„œ๋“ , ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•‰ํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจํ‰์ด์— ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋šซ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...ํŠนํžˆ ํ•˜๋‹จ ์ฐฝ์€ ๋…ธ์ดํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋งนํ’violent wind๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค29

l.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ํž˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค...ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ด์ฒด์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด โ€œ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑโ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ฐธ์กฐ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์นจ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ํ•ด์„ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค...๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค...โ€™์ž‘๊ฐ€-๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€โ€™๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€๋‘”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค โ€˜์ž‘๊ฐ€-๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€โ€™๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค30

m-1.๊ณ„์† ์ถœํ˜ˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ด ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜์‹์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘์‹ค ๋ฐ– ๋ณต๋„์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ?โ€
โ€œ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ…”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?โ€
โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
โ€œ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ง์”€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ง์”€์ด...โ€
โ€˜์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง ์•ˆ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ…”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?โ€
โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.โ€
โ€œ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ..โ€
โ€œ๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.โ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œํ˜ธํ…”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ‘์‹ค ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
โ€œ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.โ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ์•„์ง ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.โ€
โ€œ๋‹น์‹  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์š”.โ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ๋„.โ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๊บผ๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๋น—์†์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด ํ˜ธํ…”๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค.31

m-2.์‹ธ์›€์— ์ง€๊ณ  ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋์„ ๋•Œ ์นจ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†์ง€. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋‚œ ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ญํ•œํ…Œ ์กŒ์ง€? ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ๋‚œ ์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.โ€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค ์™”์„ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ.โ€
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ ํ…Œ๋ผ์Šค์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น›์€ ๊บผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธํ’์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋”๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ ์ œ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„๋”๋ฏธ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์˜ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ž๋ฐญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋„์™€์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์‹น ์œก์ง€์— ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€, ๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ๋›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ์„ ๊ฐ์•„ ๋ง๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๊นจ์— ๋ฉ”๊ณ  ์ง‘์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋น„ํƒˆ์ง„ ๊ธธ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ ์„œ์„œ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น›์— ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ, ๋ฐฐ ๋’คํŽธ์— ๊ณง์ถ” ์„ธ์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณด์•˜๋‹คโ€ฆ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์–ด ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ณ‘์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์› ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์€ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ด์š”๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹ค ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ผ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง์ด์–ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ง€์— ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํŒŒ๋ฌป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ํŒ”์„ ์ญ‰ ํŽด๊ณ  ์–‘์†์˜ ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ๊นŠ์€ ์ž ์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.32

n.์• ์ดˆ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ํ˜•์ƒํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ ์ถ”๋ก ๋  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹คโ€ฆโ€๊ฒŒํ† ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํผ์Šคํƒ€์—ฌ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฐ•์Šค ๋กœ์ปค, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋น„ํŠธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ถค์„ ์ถฐ(Chetto Supastar. Iim a Beat Box Rocker and You're Dancing to my Beat.)โ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์œ ๋‹คโ€ฆ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์œผ๋ฉด ์˜ค์ง ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰๋งŒ ๋ณด์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ๋จผ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… '๋ฐค'์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‚ด์— ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์žํฌ ๋คผ์„ธ๋ž‘(Jacques Lussey ran)์ด ์ผ๋“ฏ์ด, ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ โ€˜๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฐคโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋คผ์„ธ ๋ž‘์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š˜ ๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์—๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋จผ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋œ ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆˆ๋จผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋น›์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹คโ€ฆ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ๋”๋ผ๋„ โ€˜ํ‘์•”โ€™ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰, ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์ด ๋’ค์ฃฝ๋ฐ•์ฃฝ๋œ ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์˜ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด, ์ฆ‰ ๋ชธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ๋ฐ•๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ง, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‹œ์„ ์ด ์œก์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ฐ€๋ด‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์ธ ๋‘ ๋ˆˆ์— ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€ฆ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€์ƒค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Š๊ธ‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชป์œผ๋กœ <๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š” (ICant Work LIke This)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ ๋ถ€์Šค์˜ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ฐ•์•„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ค์น˜ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋ง์น˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชป์ด ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ํ’์ž์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ด์ฝง ์„ ์–ธ์€ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด, ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜์— ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์—์„ธ์ด, ํ•™์ˆ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„์ง๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜ํƒ€์ƒค๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค...์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ, ๊ณง ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต์  ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ์Šคํ•˜์ธ์˜ ์ €์ˆ˜ํƒ‘ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ํ…… ๋นˆ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๋ฆฌํžˆํ„ฐํŽ ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ „์šฉ ๊ต๋„์†Œ, ์ƒค๋ฅผ๋กœํ…๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ค‘์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ์•„๋ฅด๋…ธ ๋ธŒ๋ž€๋“คํ›„๋ฒ„(Arno Brandlhuber)๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋กœ์ด์ธ ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํฌ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๊ตํšŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋งค๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ โ€˜์ž”ํ˜นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค(bruti-ful)โ€™๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.33

o.๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ต์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์˜, ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ตฌ์• ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„์ €ํžˆ ๋‹จ๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ต์‚ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์‹ ํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์›ƒ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์ธ, ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ผ๋ฐœ, ์ง„๋•€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆด ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ดด๋กญ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋„ํ†ต ๊ฐ€๋Š ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ทธ์ € ๋‘๋ ต๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์–ด๋Š์ƒˆ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ต์‚ด๊พผ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํ‹ˆ ์—”๊ฐ€, ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฌด๋ ต ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์ธ๋ฐ ์ € ํ˜ผ์ž, ์–ด๊น€์—†์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ผ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ต์‚ด์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.34

p.Living and Working continues a tradition that we can call "typological design," which consists in reforming existing housing types toward alternative forms of habitation. The question of typology has a long history within our discipline. The word type comes from the Latin typus which means figure, symbol, emblem. The Latin term has roots in the Greek tupos, which means mark, and the Sanskrit tupto, which means to beat, strike, leave a mark. These etymologies of the term make clear that type has to do with marking an object or body so that it can belong to a class or a group of things. Discourses on type in architecture emerged in the nineteenth century as a way to classify buildings not so much in terms of their style or image, but in terms of their spatial and structural organization. As is well known, the earliest definition of type in architecture was formulated by Antoine Chrysostome Quatremรจre de Quincy in his Dictionnaire historique d'architecture (1825). For Quatremรจre, type represents not an image or a model to be copied, but an idea that can serve as a rule for the model. In spite of this idealist understanding, type as a design tool was prompted by the industrialization of the building process, and the consequent standardization of design and construction which found in mass housing one of its most important manifestations. It was with the rise of mass housing between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that typological design became a method whose goal was not only standardization, but also the subtle imposition of class and gender roles through specific norms and spatial layouts. In the 196os, interest in typologyโ€”that is to say, in the discourse on type-reemerged in the writings and studies of architects such as Saverio Muratori and Aldo Rossi." This "third revival" of typology (after its theorization at the beginning of the nineteenth century and its instrumentalization by the modern movement) had a historicist flavor since it was seen as a way to anchor architectural design to the history of the city at large? Rossi's interpretation of typology was influenced by the historian and theorist Giulio Carlo Argan for whom architectural form is inevitably rooted in historical precedents. Even though Rossi emphasized the link between type and economic factors such as property, what many discourses on type seem to have missed is that types are informed not only by ideas, mass production, or historical lineage, but also and especiallyโ€”by the way political institutions, social relationships, and market forces define ways to occupy space. This is especially true in the case of housing, whose typological resolution has always been the product of class and gender politicsโ€ฆA type is not a model to be copied, but rather the deep structure of buildings; as such, the relevance of the projects presented in this book lies in the way they attempt to rethink the architecture of domestic space not in terms of its image but in terms of its spatial relationships.35

q.Architecture, however-the world of objects created by architecture-is not only described by types, it is also produced through them. If this notion can be accepted, it can be understood why and how the architect identihes his work with a precise type. He is initially trapped by the type because it is the way he knows. Later he can act on it; he can destroy it, transform it, respect it. But he starts from the type. The design process is a way of! bringing the elements of a typology-the idea of a formal structure-into the precise state that characterizes the single workโ€ฆOne of the frequent arguments against typology views it as a "frozen mechanism" that denies change and emphasizes an almost automatic repetition.' However, the very concept of type, as it has been proposed here, implies the idea of change, or of transformation. The architect identifies the type on or with which he is working, but that-does not necessarily imply mechanical reproduction. Of course, the typological approach per se does not demand constant change; and when a type is firmly consolidated, the resultant architectural forms preserve formal features in such a way as to allow works of architecture to be produced by a repetitive process, either an exact one as found in industry, or an approximate one, as found in craftsmanship. But the consisteney and stability of forms in such instances need not be attributed to the concept of typey it is just as possible to conclude that the struggle with an identical problem tends to lead to almost identical forms. Or in other words, stability in a society-stability reflected in activities, techniques, images-is mirrored also in architectureโ€ฆ
Mass production in architecture, focused chiefly on mass housing, permitted architecture to be seen in a new light. Repeatability was desirable, as it was consonant with industry. "The same constructions for the same require-ments," Bruno Taut wrote," and now the word "same" needed to be understood ad litteram. Industry required repetition, series; the new architecture could be pre-cast.Now the word type in its primary and original sense of permitting the exact reproduction of a model-was trans-Normed from an abstraction to a reality in architecture, by virtue of industry; type had become prototypeโ€ฆ
The architecture of Rossi initially seems to stand against this discontinuity. For here the unifying formal structure of type disappears. In spite of Rossi's strenuous defense of the concept of type in the construction stage of his work, a subtle formal dissociation occurs and the unity of the formal structure is broken. This dissociation is exemplified in Rossi's house, where the almost wall-like structure of the plan is connected with the pilotis below and the vaulted roof above. There is an almost deliberate provocation in this breakdown and recombination of types. In a highly sophisticated manner, Rossi reminds us of our knowledge-and also our ignorance-of types; they appear broken, but bearing unexpected power. It might be said that a nostalgia for an impossible orthodoxy emerges out of this architecture. In the work of Rossi, and even that of Venturi, a discomforting thought arises: was it not perhaps at the very point when the idea of type became clearly articulated in architectural theoryโ€”at the end of the eighteenth century-that the reality of its existence, its traditional operation in history, became finally impossible? Did not the historical awareness of the fact of type in architectural theory forever bar the unity of its practice?โ€ฆ
To understand the question of type is to understand the nature of the architectural object today. It is a question that cannot be avoided. The architectural object can no longer be considered as a single, isolated event because it is bounded by the world that surrounds it as well as by its history. It extends its life to other objects by virtue of its specific architectural condition, thereby establishing a chain of related events in which it is possible to find common formal structures. If architectural objects allow us to speak about both their singleness and their shared features, then the concept of type is of value, although the old definitions must be modified to accommodate an idea of type that can incorporate even the present state, where, in fact, subtle mechanisms of relationship are observable and suggest typological explanations.36

r.ํ”„๋ ˆ๋ง๊ฑฐ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜, ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ์ž ํ˜น์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘” ์˜์—ญ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜์„ ๊พธ๋ฆด ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์• ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋ง๊ฑฐ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋“€์ด ์‹ญ์ง„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…, ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฉ”์ด๋“œ ํ•„๋ฆ„, ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋‹ด๋ก ์„œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์•…๋งˆ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•ด ์˜จ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ฑ…์€ ์–ด๋Š ์„น์…˜์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์„œ์ ์—์„œ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ์†์— ๋„ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค...์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ์„œ๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ†ต๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ป—์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ, ์ž์—ฐ-๋ฌธํ™” ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค, ๋†์—…, ์ „์›์ƒํ™œ, ์ฑ„๊ตด์—… ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์ด์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ‹€์„ ์ง  ๋’ค์— ์„น์…˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด ๋‘์–ด '์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ'์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ฆํญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด, ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์„œ์™€ ์ •ํ†ต ์—ญ์‚ฌ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์›ƒํ•œ๋‹ค...์ฑ…๋“ค์€ (โ€ขโ€ข) ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  (โ€ขโ€ข)๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ง€์น˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์œ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณ€์‹ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋„ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์žฅ์„œ๋„ ์ ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋งน๋ ฌํžˆ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ๋ถ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค37

r-1.๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” <๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ใ€‰์€ ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค๋…„ ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฌธํ•™ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ํ•œ ํŽธ์”ฉ ๋”ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ˜ธ๋ช…๋œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ 1์ธ์ด ์ „์ฒด 100ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ์— ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŒจํ„ฐ์Šจ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ˆฒ์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด 1,000 ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค๋ฉด 100๋…„ ๋’ค 100๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...๋ถ€ํ™œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ (Reanimation Library)์€ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฃจ ๋น„์ฝ˜(Andrew Beccone)์ด 2006๋…„์— ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ด ๊ณต๊ณต์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›Œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ฐ€๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœํ–‰๋œ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋’ค์ฒ˜์กŒ์„์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ก๋ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„์ฝ˜์€ ํ—Œ์ฑ…๋ฐฉ, ์ค‘๊ณ ํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์•ž๋งˆ๋‹น, ์žฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ, ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ์‚ฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ 'ํ™”์„' ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•ด ์ƒˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ง๋ผํ•œ, ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ™œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์—ด๋žŒ์‹ค์— ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ์™€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„์น˜ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ป ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ก์€ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ฑ์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์งœ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค...20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ด๋™์‹ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€, ๋‚™ํƒ€, ๋ฐฐ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง€์‹์˜ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” 1961๋…„ ์ผ„ํ„ฐํ‚ค ๊ธธ๋“œ ์—ด์ฐจ์— ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์ง„ ์ด๋™์‹ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด๋‹ค. ์—ด์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ญ์— ์ •์ฐจํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๊ณต์˜ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค...๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ใ€Š์บ๋น„๋‹› ๋งค๊ฑฐ์ง„ใ€‹(Cabinet Magazine) ํŽธ์ง‘์ง„์€ 2002๋…„ ๋‰ด๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„์„ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ†  '์บ๋น„๋‹›์˜ ๋•…'(Cabinetlandia)์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2004๋…„์—๋Š” ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์Šˆ ํŒจ์Šค๋ชจ์–ด(Matthew Passmore)์™€ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋•…์— ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค. ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ฒ ์ œ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์บ๋น„๋‹›์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋‹ค. ๋ถ™๋ฐ•์ด์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋’คํ†ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๋ฌป์–ด ๋†“์€ ์บ๋น„๋‹› ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ์— ๋‹ด์€ ์นดํƒˆ๋กœ๊ทธ, ์บ๋น„๋‹› ๋งค๊ฑฐ์ง„ ๊ณผ์›”ํ˜ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜์ž, ํ–‡๋ณ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ์šฐ์‚ฐ, ๋ฏธ์ง€๊ทผํ•œ ์บ” ๋งฅ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์šฉ ์•„์ดํ…œ์ด ๋ณด๊ด€๋ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค...์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ 1890๋…„๋Œ€๋ผ๋ฉด SF์—๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๋…์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋“  ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ, ์ „์ž์ฑ… ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋žŒ์‹ค์ด์ž ๋ชจ๋“  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ํ•˜์ดํผํ…์ŠคํŠธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ํ•˜์ดํผ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค์  ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ํ†ต์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•ด ์žฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด 2004๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ œํœด๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” '๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ'(Google Library Project)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์—๋„ '์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ', ํ•˜ํ‹ฐํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ(HathiTrust), 'ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ตฌํ…๋ฒ ๋ฅดํฌ'(Project Gutenberg) ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ์Šค์บ”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•ด์  ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ์ธ Arg.org๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์ž ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ด๋‹ค. Arg.org ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ PDF๋‚˜ ์ „์ž์ฑ… ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•œ ๋’ค '์ธ๋ฑ์Šค์นด๋“œ'๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ์„œ๊ฐ€'๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ Arg.org์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™” ๊ณต์ •์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜์–ด ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋…ธ๋™ํ•œ ํ”์ ์„ ์ง€์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ทน๋ช…ํžˆ ๋Œ€๋น„๋œ๋‹ค.37-1

r-2.๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ถŒ์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ํฌ๋“œ(Ford)์‹์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์œก์ฒด ๋…ธ๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋œ ์ฑ… ์•ˆ์— ์ˆจ์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์Šค์บ”๋ณธ์ด ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์Šค์บ”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์œŒ์Šจ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์œก์ฒด ๋…ธ๋™์ด '๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฉฐ' ๋‚จ๊ธด ํ”์ ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ด์•„ ๋ฏธํ•™์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์ž ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋„์‚ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ท ์—ด๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ณต์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€, ์‹ค์ฒด ์—†๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์•ˆ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.37-2

s.๋ฌธ๋“ ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ดˆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ๋์ž๋ฝ ์ด๊ตญ๋•… ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ์—ฐ์ด ๋‹ฟ์€๋‚ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— ์—๋ด ๊ณต์›mount. eden์— ๋“ค๋ €๋‹ค. ์—๋ด ๊ณต์›์€ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง„ ์ž”๋”” ๋ฏผ๋‘ฅ์‚ฐ ์œ—์ž๋ฝ์— ์‹ ํ™”์ ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ•œ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ธ๋• ์œ„์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๊ฐ€์šด ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์•„๋ž˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์šด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์˜ ์Šค์‚ฐํ•จ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„œ๋Š˜ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์—์„œ, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ง๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค.  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ถฅ์ง€๋„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ƒฅ ๋ฅ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ธ ์•„์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

t.7์›”๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์ด ๋Œ๋ง๋š์˜ ์™ธ์ธก์„ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ƒ(่ง€่ฑก)์€ ๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ๊ณผ ํŒ”๋ผ์ดˆ ํผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ฝ” ์•ž์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ด๋ž€ ์ฐฝ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์„ฑ์›์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์™ธ๋ฒฝ์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ญ(ๅฏ้€†)๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ์—๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ด ์บ„ํฌ๊ด‘์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ด๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๋…ธ์ ์ƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋ง๋š ์•ˆ์ชฝ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฒœ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‹ค.38

u-1.1์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ์—†์ด ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ถˆ-์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ข์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œํฌ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ท€ํ™˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ-ํ…Œํฌ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€ฆ์ด์ œ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ(ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ˜•์‹)์„ ๋„๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์€ ํ™”๋ฉด(์‹ค์ฒด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ)์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ โ€˜์–ต์••์ ์ธ ์˜์ง€โ€™๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธด ์ฑ„ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ด‘์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„๊ณ , ๋ธ”๋ž™ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด์™€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋น„์นœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋‹ค.
2์žฅ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์นจ๋ฌต-์šฐ์„ , ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ž‘๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์ž‘๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋”๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ(์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์—†์„ ๋•Œ), ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํžˆ์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์š•๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™
3์žฅ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์†์˜ ์œ ๋ น-์œ ์ผˆ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” 1969๋…„ [๋ฉ”์ธํ„ฐ๋„Œ์Šค ์•„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ์–ธ๋ฌธ 1969]์—์„œ "ํ˜๋ช… ํ›„, ์›”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๋„๋น„ํŒ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์€ํํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ-์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ž‘๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํ˜€์ค€๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ-์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค
4์žฅ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€-์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋˜ ์›๊ฒฉ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ„ฑ ๋ฐ‘์— ๋Œ์–ด ๋‹ค ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.39-1

u-2.1์žฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์„ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ƒํƒœ๋ฏธํ•™-์ธ๋ฅ˜์„ธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ž์—ฐํ™”๋œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ์™ธ, ํญ๋ ฅ์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋“ค ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ „ํ˜€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ, ์ƒํ’ˆํ™”, ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜, ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ œ, ์ธ์ข…์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฒด. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ‹€์„ ์žก๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ" ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ด์˜ ์ง€์ ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€ฆํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ตฌํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์šฐ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ -์‚ฌํšŒ-์ž์—ฐ ์˜ ๋’ค์„ž์ด๊ณ  ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ „์„ ๋“ค ์ „์ฒด ์œ„์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ}ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ…Œํฌ๋…ธ-์ƒํƒœ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด "๊ฐ€ํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํƒœ์ฒ ํ•™'์˜ ๋น„์ „์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„(์ž์—ฐ) ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ(์ฃผ์ฒด) ์ค€๊ฑฐ์„ธ๊ณ„, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ถŒ(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต๊ณ„) ์‚ฌ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํšก๋‹จํ•ด ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์œ ์™€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๊พ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
3์žฅ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ํ”ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ์—์ˆ ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์žฌ๋‚œ-๋ฒ„๋‹๋งจ์—๋Š” 10๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์›์น™, ํ˜น์€ ์‹ ๋…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ํฌ๊ด„์„ฑ, ๋‚˜๋ˆ”, ๋น„์ƒ์—…ํ™”, ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ์ž ๋ฆฝ, ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์ž๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„, ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์˜์‹, ํ”์  ๋‚จ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ, ์ฆ‰์‹œ์„ฑ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ด ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์น™ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ 9์ผ๊ฐ„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ํŒŒํ‹ฐ, ์š”๋ฆฌ, ํƒํ—˜, ๋ช…์ƒ, ์ข…๊ต, ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…, LGBT ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ๋งˆ ์บ ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์บ ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์บ ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์„ ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ 9์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์  ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.39-2

u-3.4์žฅ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ ค๋ผ-์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋˜ โ€œ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ ค๋ผโ€๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ์ทจ(๊ฐœ์ธ ์ทจํ–ฅ)์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์ทจ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํ‚ค์น˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ทจ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.39-3

u-4.๋‹ค๋‹ค์ต์„ ์€ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹คํƒ€์ด์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ ์ถฉ๋™์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์†์—์„œ ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์™„์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ ์ฒด์ œ๋Š” ์ž ๋“ค ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹คโ€ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ญ‰์น˜์ธ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” On(1)๊ณผ Off(0)์˜ ์ด์ง„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ-์Œ์„ฑ, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋“ฑ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ง„, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋งค์ฒด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค- ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ 'ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ' ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ง„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ฉœ๋ ˆ์˜จ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฅํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์†ก๋‘๋ฆฌ์งธ ์—†์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?โ€ฆ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์น˜)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ (ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€) ์ž๋…€๋“ค(์ฃผ์ฒด)์€ ํฅ์— ๊ฒจ์›Œ ๋†€์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐค(๋ถˆ๋ฉด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„)์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค์ž ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ , ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š™์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›Œ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์˜ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜ ํ˜ผ์„ฑ, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ, ๋‹ค์›, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์•ž์„ธ์› ๋˜ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ต ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ , ํญ๋ ฅ์  ๊ธฐ์ œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ธ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํƒˆ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋งŒ ์•™์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•˜ ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ, ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์™•์ • ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.39-4

v.๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ’ํ™” (weathering : ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„, ๋Œ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ–‡๋น›, ๊ณต๊ธฐ, ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ]๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‡ดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฉธ์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋น„์™€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ๋”์œ„์™€ ์ถ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์žฌ์ด‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ, ๋ฒฝ๋Œ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ’ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. [๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€(The Image ofthe City)] (1960 ๋…„)๋ผ๋Š” ์ €์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋ฆฐ์น˜(Kewin Lpack. 1918~19) ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž‘์—…์€ [์›จ์ด์ŠคํŒ… ์–ด์›จ์ด(Wasting Away)] (1990๋…„) ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ํ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›ฐ๋น™(well-being)๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์›ฐ๋‹ค์ž‰(well-dying) ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ๊ธฐ(wasting well) ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์Šคํƒ€ํŒŒ๋น„ (Mohscn Mostafavi, 1954~)๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋”๋ฐฐ๋กœ์šฐ(David Leatherbarrow. 1953~)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ด ์ฑ… [์˜จ ์›จ๋”๋ง(On Weathering : The Life of Buildings in Time)] (1993๋…„)์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ํ’ํ™”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์ด์•ผ ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐํ›„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋‚ก์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ์—์„œ (๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ํ’ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋…ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋‹ต(correct answer)์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต(response)ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ, ์‘๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ด์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ. ์ œ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”, ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฉด์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.
P318. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ดํ™”๋งˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋„(์™ผ์ชฝ), ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ์•ˆ(๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ), ์ดํ™”๋งˆ์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์˜›๊ธธ๊ณผ ๋•…์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.[์ดํ™”๋งˆ์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •๋น„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋„](์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์•„๋ž˜), ์กฐ์„ฑ๋ฃก๋„์‹œ๊ฑด์ถ•+๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ฑด์ถ•, 2007๋…„. ์„œํ–ฅ์ด๋˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์„ ๋‚จํ–ฅ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๊ณผ ๋™ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์˜›๊ธธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.40 Q:๊ธธ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„ํ…๋ฐ, ๊ธธ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋“ค, ๊ธธ์˜ ๋ชจํ‰์ด, ๊บพ์ธ ๋‹ด์žฅ, ๋‹ด์žฅ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋ฌด, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ฑ„ ๊ธธ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜›๊ธธ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ?

w.์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘์‹ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์ƒ‰์ƒ, ์กฐ๋ช…, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ์— ์•Œ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.41

x.ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ‰๋ฉด, ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด

y.๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ โ€˜์ธ๊ฐ„๋จ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์–‘์‹โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ, ํœด๋จผ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์ด๋ž€ ๊ทธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์–‘์‹์ด ์–‘์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์  ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํœด๋จผ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์€ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์–‘์‹์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–ฅ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํœด๋จผ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.42

z.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์„œ์šธ์ด 1963๋…„์—์•ผ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์›๋ž˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ค ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, <์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์„œ์šธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ>๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์• ์ดˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ์šธ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ž, ์„œ์šธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ๊ธ” ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์ผœ์ผœ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒน, ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋•…์˜ ์ธต์ธ ์ง€์ธต(ๅœฐๅฑค)์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธต์ธ ์‹œ์ธต(ๆ™‚ๅฑค)์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธต์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ <์‚ผ๋ฌธํ™”๊ด‘์žฅ>์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. <์‚ผ๋ฌธํ™”๊ด‘์žฅ>์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์‹œํ‹ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ผํ…”๋กค์ฝ” ๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์— ์„œ๋ฉด ์•„์Šคํ… ์‹œ๋Œ€, ์—์ŠคํŒŒ๋ƒ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— <์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ด‘์žฅ plaza de las tres culturas>์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑํ™”์ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•”๋ชจ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™”์„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ํ™”์„ ํƒ์‚ฌ, ํญ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง‘์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์† ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์„ค ํƒ์‚ฌ, ํํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š” ํํ—ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ, ์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ฒ ๊ธธ์ด ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ค‘์•™์„ ์˜ ์ง€์ƒ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ถ˜์„ ์˜ ํ์„  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑท๋Š” ํ์„  ๋‹ต์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ๋“ค์„, ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฐ€๋ฆผ์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ—˜๊ฐ€์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...์ž ์‹ค ์„์ดŒ๋™์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋˜ 1981๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„์€ ํ•œ์ฐฝ ๊ฐ•๋‚จ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์ œ ์™•๋ฆ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํด๋ ˆ์ธ์— ์ž˜๋ ค ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋ฐฑ์ œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ธต์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฌ˜๋“ค์ด ์‚ฝ๋‚ ์— ์ฐํ˜€ ์ธ๊ณจ์ด ๋‚˜๋’น๊ตด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐธํ˜นํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.43

a.์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Š˜ ๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค.

์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์›€, ๋ณต์žกํ•จ, ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•จ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ฆ‰ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์–ผ๊ตด, ํ‘œ์ •, ํ˜ธํก, ์ฒด์˜จ, ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ, ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ, ๋•€, ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ, ๊ฐ์ •๊ธฐ๋ณต, ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹คโ€ฆ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์† ๋ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ—์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋„ํ˜• ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์† ๋„ํ˜•์ด ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ์ด ๋„ํ˜•์ด ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์„œ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋„ํ˜•์ด ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹คโ€ฆ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ณ ์ „ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด์ง„ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋น„์šฐ์Šค๋Š” '์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค'์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ (์ธก๋Ÿ‰์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด) ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฒด ๋น„์œจ์— ๊นƒ๋“  ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณต๋ช…์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์ž‘ ์ด ๋น„์œจ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€ฆ์ดํ›„ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”ํ™”๋œ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋…”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์œค๊ณฝ์„  ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1950๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์€ ์ธ๊ณต๋‘๋‡Œํ•™ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ํšŒ๋กœ ์†์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , 1960๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช… ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ, 1980๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์˜ท๊ณผ ํ™”์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฉด๋„, ํ—ค์–ด์Šคํƒ€์ผ, ๋งค๋‹ˆํ์–ด, ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ, ์‹์Šต๊ด€, ์ž์„ธ, ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ฑธ์ด, ์šด๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋์—†๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œก์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์œจ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ์€ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณต์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์ด ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž˜ ์žฌ๋‹จ๋œ ์˜ท์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฒดํ˜•, ๋„์‹์ ์ธ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ์€ ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ํ›„, ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ฐจํƒˆํšŒ์œ„ํฌ(atalhoyuk ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 30๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋งค์žฅ๋œ ์ฑ„ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋Œํ”„ ๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ 1910๋…„ ์‹œ์‹ ์ด ๋งค์žฅ๋œ ํ™๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ€œ๋ฏธํ‚ค๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ •์ ์— ๋‘๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ข… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ„๊ณ„์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“ ๋‹คโ€ฆ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋“ค์˜ ํฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™”, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ํ˜น์€ ์˜คํ•ด๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹คโ€ -๋ฐœํ„ฐ ๋ฒค์•ผ๋ฏผ

2014๋…„ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์งค๋ง‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ฒด ์กฐ์ ˆ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ํ›„์— ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ถ•์ „์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์˜ํ™”, ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ์† ์‹ค์กด์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์žฌํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

โ€œ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฟˆ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌด์“ธ๋ชจ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€-์ฐฐ์Šค ์ž„์Šค 44

b.๋ฐค์˜ ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค ์œ„^๊ตํšŒ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€๋“ค, ๋„ค์˜จ ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ ^๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ฒŒ, ๋…ธ๋ž‘๊ฒŒ, ํ•˜์–—๊ฒŒ, ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ-^์ฒœ๊ตญ, ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค^24์‹œ๊ฐ„
รœber den nรคchtlichen hochhausblรถcken^christuskreuze, neonlichtumrandet^in rot, gelb, weiรŸ, ein Disney-^himmel, geรถffnet^rund um die uhr 45

c.ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜์™€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ™•์žฅํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? โ€œ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋งŒ์•ฝ โ€œ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
...๊ฝƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ๋ด„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ, ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ด ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ๋‚ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค 46

d-1.๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ž๊ธฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ฐธ์กฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ํ•€ํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ณผ์ž‰์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ์ฐธ์กฐ ํ˜น์€ ๋น„์ฐธ์กฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ „๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์ฝํžŒ๋‹ค...๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œ์ผœ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ฃผ์ฐฝ์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜ ํƒœ๋„ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ˆœํ˜ˆ์ฃผ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, โ€˜์žฅ์‹์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋‹คโ€™๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ โ€˜๋œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ฐธ์กฐ์  ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจํ† ๋ฅผ, ์ง€๋‚˜์˜จ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ „๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ํƒœ๋„๋“ค์ด ๋น„์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์ฃผ์ฐฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค...๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์›์กฐ๋Š” ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜(Purism)์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ 1, 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „๊ฐ„๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •์„œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
1. ๋งค๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ํƒˆ์ถœ์„ ์š•๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์„ ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ํ‹ˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์žฌ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํŒ ์‚ผ์•„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ฏธ๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
6. ๋งค๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ ฅ(็ ดๅƒๅŠ›)์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
8. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งค๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ข€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™˜์˜๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šน์ „์˜ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ํŒจ์ „์˜ ์ž”ํ•ด ์†์—์„œ ์ƒ๋…์— ์ž ๊ธด ๋ฉœ๋ž‘๊ผด๋ฆฌ์•„์™€๋„ ๋‹ฎ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
11.๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๋งค๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ ์œ ์˜ˆ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์‹์ธ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฒ”์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๊ต์–‘์ฃผ์˜์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์˜๋‚˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒœ๋„์™€๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘”๋‹ค. 47-1

d-2.์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ…Œ์ œ: ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ…Œ์ œ: 20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ…Œ์ œ: ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ…Œ์ œ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ถฉ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ…Œ์ œ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค...๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กด์žฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค...ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 47-2













1.ํ˜„๋Œ€์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ, ํƒˆ ์นด๋ฏธ๋„ˆ(Tahl Kaminer) ์ €, ์กฐ์ˆœ์ต ์—ญ, ์„œ์šธ ์‹œ๊ณต๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌ 
2.์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค(๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์žํŽธ), ํžˆ๋ฉ”๋„ค์Šค ๋ผ์ด(Jimenez Lai) ์ €, ๊น€์œค๋ฒ” ์—ญ, ํ”ฝ์…€ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค
3.์ด์‹ญ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฃผํƒ, ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ์†์„ธ๊ด€ ์ €, ์—ดํ™”๋‹น

4.๋กค๋ž‘๋ฐ”๋ฅดํŠธ ํ‰์ „ & ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€(Le)plaisir du texte, ๋กค๋ž‘ ๋ฐ”๋ฅดํŠธ(Rolan Barthes)  ์ €, ๊น€ํฌ์˜ ์—ญ, ๋™๋ฌธ์„ 

5.๊น€์ข…์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์ˆ ์ง‘, ์ฑ„๋ก์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ตœ์›์ค€, ์ „๋ด‰ํฌ, ์šฐ๋™์„ , ๋‚จ์„ฑํƒ, ๋งˆํ‹ฐ

6.์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค-๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ์„ค๋ช…, ์žํฌ ๋คผ์บ‰(Jacque Lucan) ์ €, ๋‚จ์„ฑํƒ ์—ญ, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํƒ€์ž„

7.์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ , S.์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์ €, ์ด๋Œ€์ผ ์—ญ, ์—ดํ™”๋‹น

8.์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์š•๋ง ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ์žฅ์ •๋ฏผ ์ €, IANN BOOKS

9.์•„๋Œํ”„ ๋กœ์Šค์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ˆ์ˆ , ์•„๋Œํ”„ ๋กœ์Šค ์ €, ์˜ค๊ณตํ›ˆ ์—ญ, ์•ˆ๊ทธ๋ผํ”ฝ์Šค

10.๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ œ๋ผ๋ธ”, ๋น…ํ† ๋ฅด ์œ„๊ณ  ์ €, ์ •๊ธฐ์ˆ˜ ์—ญ, ๋ฏผ์Œ์‚ฌ

11.๊ท€๋ถˆ, ๋ฐ•์šฉ๊ทœ์ € , ์„œ์šธ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ์‡„

12.์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžŒ ๋Œ, ๊น€์˜๊ธ€ ์ €

13.์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์ฒœ ์ €, ๋””์ž์ธํ”Œ๋Ÿญ์Šค

13-1.๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค: ํˆฌ์‹œ๋„๋ฒ•๊ณผ CADํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

13-2.์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ, ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ

14.์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ„ธ์–ด์ฃผ๋‹ค, ์˜ฌ๋ผ๋ธŒ ํ•˜์šฐ๊ฒŒ ์ €, ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ ์—ญ, ๋ด„๋‚ ์˜ ์ฑ…(์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ์ธ์„  1)

15.์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ NASA 57๋…„์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค, ์ด์˜์ค€ ์ €, ์›Œํฌ๋ฃธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค

16.๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์— ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” 7์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ผ์ด, ์ •์˜๋ฌธ ์ €, ์›Œํฌ๋ฃธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค

17.negotiating ungers the aesthetics of sustainability the solar house, common room

18.ํŒŒ๋ฅด๋งˆ์ฝ”-AI, K ์•Œ๋ผ๋„๋งฅ๋‹ค์›” & GPT-3 ์ €, ์ด๊ณ„์„ฑ ์—ญ, ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์œ ๋ น

19.๋ฏธ๋ฅต-์šด์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ฒœ๋ถˆ์ฒœํƒ‘์˜ ์šฉํ™”์„ธ๊ณ„, ์š”ํ—จ ํžํŠธ๋งŒ ์ €, ์ด๊ฒฝ์žฌ, ์œ„์ƒ๋ณต, ๊น€๊ฒฝ์—ฐ ์—ญ, ํ•™๊ณ ์žฌ

20.์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„, ์นด๋ฐ€๋กœ ์ง€ํ…Œ ์ €, ๊น€๊ธฐ์ค€ ์—ญ, ๋ฏธ์ง„์‚ฌ

21.์—ํ”ผ 16ํ˜ธ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€-<์•„๋นŒ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด, ๋งค๋“œํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ณด๊ทธ>, ์œ ๊ธฐํ›ˆ ์ €, ์ด์Œ

22.์ •ํฌ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค, ๋ ˜ ์ฝœํ•˜์Šค ์ €, ์ž„๊ฒฝ๊ทœ ์—ญ, ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ

23.์˜คํ”„๋ชจ๋˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•, ์Šค๋ฒ ํ‹€๋ผ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ž„ ์ €, ๊น€์ˆ˜ํ™˜ ์—ญ, ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ

24.์•„ํ‚ค๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ 3๊ถŒ-๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋„์‹œ, ๋„์‹œ๋„ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋‹ค, ๋‚จ์„ฑํƒ ์ €, ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ถœํŒ๋ถ€

25.Pier Vittorio Aureli,Interviewed by 0300TV-DOGMA, representation as a channel for creativity, ARQ ediciones

26.๊นŠ์ด์—์˜ ๊ฐ•์š”, ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ ์ฅ์Šคํ‚จํŠธ ์ €, ๊น€์ธ์ˆœ ์—ญ, ์—ด๋ฆฐ์ฑ…๋“ค

27.๋ผ๋งˆ์™€์˜ ๋ž‘๋ฐ๋ถ€, ์•„์„œ C.ํด๋ผํฌ ์ €, ๋ฐ•์„ฑ์ค€ ์—ญ, ์•„์ž‘

28.Axt 050+1ํ˜ธ, (์ฃผ)์€ํ–‰๋‚˜๋ฌด์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ

29.๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„์œค๋ฆฌ, ๋ฐฑ์ง„ ์ €, ๊น€ํ•œ์˜ ์—ญ, ์ด์œ ์ถœํŒ

30.๋น„์ฐธ์กฐ์  ๊ฑด์ถ•, ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์˜ฌ์ง€์•„ํ‹ฐ&๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ๋ธŒ์•„๋ฆฌํŠธ์Šˆ๋ฏธํŠธ ์ €, ๊ฐ•์‹ &๋ฐ•ํ•˜์œค ์—ญ, Hoi-publishing

31&32.๋ฌด๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์ž˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ, ์–ด๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํ—ค๋ฐ์›จ์ด ์ €, ๊น€์„ฑ๊ณค ์—ญ, ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ& ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ์–ด๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํ—ค๋ฐ์›จ์ด ์ €,  ์žฅ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ ์—ญ, ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ

33.๋ˆˆ๋จผ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ์š”ํ•œ ์พจ๋‹‰ ์ €, ์ด๋ณด์˜ ์—ญ, ์—ดํ™”๋‹น

34.์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค๊ฒฉ, ๋‹ค์ž์ด ์˜ค์‚ฌ๋ฌด ์ €, ์œ ์ˆ™์ž ์—ญ, ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ

35.DOGMA LIVING AND WORKING, Pier Vittorio Aureli and Martino Tattara, MIT Press

36.OPPOSITIONS-On Typology, Rafael Moneo, MIT Press

37.๋„์„œ๊ด€ ํ™˜์ƒ๋“ค, ์•„๋‚˜์†Œํ”ผ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์–ด & ์—ํ‹ฐ์—” ํŠ€๋ฅดํŒฝ ์ €, ๊น€์ด์žฌ ์—ญ, ๋งŒ์ผ

37-1.๋ฆฌ๋”ฉ ๋ฃธ ๋ฆฌ๋”ฉ ๋จธ์‹ 

37-2.์•ค๋“œ๋ฃจ ๋…ธ๋จผ ์œŒ์Šจ:์Šค์บก์˜ต์Šค(ScanOps) 2012-2014

38.๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์•„์‹œํ•˜๋ผ ์š”์‹œ๋…ธ๋ถ€ ์ €, ๊น€์ •๋™ ์—ญ, ๊ธฐ๋ฌธ๋‹น

39.๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ์œ ํ† ํ”ผ์•„, ์•ˆ์ง„๊ตญ ์ €, ๊ฐˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ

39-1.1๋ถ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ฌ / 39-2.2๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์นจ๋ฌต / 39-3.3๋ถ€ ๋‘”๊ฐ‘์ˆ  / 39-4.4๋ถ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ

40.์•„์ฃผ๊นŒ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ฒฉ-์กฐ์„ฑ๋ฃก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ํ’ํ™” urban weathering, ์‹ฌ์„ธ์ค‘ ์—ญ, ์ˆ˜๋ฅ˜์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ

41.๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ 04: ์•Œ๋ฐ” ์•Œํ† -๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™”(ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ 1940๋…„ 11์›”ํ˜ธ), ์—๋กœ์‹œ์Šค

42.ํœด๋จผ์Šค์ผ€์ผ, ๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฌด, ๊น€ํ˜•์ง„, ๋…ธ์ •ํƒœ, ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์ฒœ, ๋ฐฐํ™์ฒ , ๋ณต๋„ํ›ˆ, ์œค์›ํ™”, ํ˜„์‹œ์› ์ €, ์›Œํฌ๋ฃธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค&์ผ๋ฏผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€

43.์„œ์šธ์„ ์–ธ:๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™์ž ๊น€์‹œ๋•์˜ ์„œ์šธ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ, 2002~2018, ๊น€์‹œ๋• ์ €, ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ฑ…๋“ค

44.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋””์ž์ธ-์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™, ๋ฒ ์•„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์ธ  ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ & ๋งˆํฌ ์œ„๊ธ€๋ฆฌ ์ €, ์ •ํ˜„์šฐ ์—ญ, ๋ฏธ์ง„์‚ฌ

45.์€์—‰๊ฒ…ํ€ด , ๋ผ์ด๋„ˆ ์ฟคํ…Œ ์ €, ์ „์˜์•  ๋ฐ•์„ธ์ธ ์—ญ, ๋ด„๋‚ ์˜ ์ฑ… ไธญ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์„ ๊ต(mission in seoul)

46.๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ , ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ€๋Ÿฌ ์ €, ๋ฐ•์œ ์„  ๋ฐ•์ง€์œค ์—ญ, ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ธ์•ค๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ์ปฌ

47.๊ฑด์ถ•์žก์ง€ ๋ฏธ๋กœ[1] ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ์ธ์šฉ 2024 ๊ฐ€์„ / ๊ฒจ์šธ

47-1.์ž๊ธฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•, ๊น€๊ด‘์ˆ˜ ์ €

47-2.๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋””์ž์ธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ-ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ…Œ์ œ, ์†ก๋ฅ , ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ์•ˆ ์Šˆ๋ฐ”์ด์ฒ˜ ์ €




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